chapter 22, April 9th

. The end of empire:   "Nelson Mandela, south Africas nationalist leader, first uttered these words in 1964 at his trial for treason, sabotage, and conspiracy to overthrow the apartheid government of his country. convicted of those charges, he spent the next twenty- seven years in prison, some times working at hard labor in a stone quarry. often the floor was his bed and a bucket was his toilet. for many years, he was allowed one visitor a year for thirty minutes and permitted to write and receive one letter every six months. when he was finally realized from prison in 1990 under growing domestic and international pressure, he concluded his first speech as a free person with the words originally spoken at his trial. four years later, in 1994, South Africa held its first election in which black and whites alike were able to vote. the outcome of that election made Mandela the county first black African come of that election made Mandela the country first black Africa an president, and its liked South Africa to dozens of other countries all across Africa, Asia, and oceania that had thrown off European rule or the control of white settlers durning the second half of the twentieth century."

.This section from the chapter showed me and demonstrated to me that there was a change that was going to happen and it was slowly coming to be due to the activist nelson Mandela, what I do known about this activist was that he was quoting from google is, " Nelson rolihlahla;aha man deal was a South African anti- apartheid revolutionary, political leader, and philanthropist who served as president of South Africa from 1994 to 1999.  He was the country first black head of state and first elected in a fully representative democratic election".

"What followed in the decades after independence was equally significant. political, economic, and cultural experiments proliferated across these newly independent nations, which faced enormous challenged: the legacies of empire: their own deep divisions of language, ethnicity, religion, and class: their rapidly growing numbers and competing demands of the capitalist west and the communist east; and the difficult tasks of simultaneously building modern economized stable politics and coherent nations".

Throughout this chapter I read and learned that there would be more changes to come for people and more improvements within their societies and environments they live in. It discussed about a full change going on and the struggles they all had to face and one great example would be, " nelson Mandela", even though he went through a lot he still helped his society change and also help made an improvement throughout all the sacrifices he had to do.

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